Analysis Determinants of Unwanted Pregnancy in Adolescents : Literature Review

ABSTRACT


INTRODUCTION
Pregnancy in teenagers become beginning from pregnancy no desired, is one phenomenon recent social This the more increase occurs in the environment public.Pregnancy No desired is something a situation experienced by a person women who experience it pregnancy However No want presence baby from its content the (Kep et al., 2021).Teenagers who experience Unwanted Pregnancy generally are victims of rape and extramarital partners.Unwanted Pregnancy in Teenagers can give rise to its height possible abortion triggering an increase in the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) (Aisyaroh et al., 2023).
The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) issued report situation world population 2022 which shows the height number pregnancy No desired in the world.A total of 121 million pregnancy No desired happen every year.More of 60% of case pregnancy No desired ending in abortion.Additionally, 45% of abortion the done in a way No safe (United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), 2023).According to the Population and Family Agency National Planning figures Unwanted Pregnancy reached 40%.Reason from non-pregnancy desired by teenagers that is wedding age young, at least Reproductive health knowledge, misinformation on social media, and sex free (Dana, 2023).Incidence rate Unwanted Pregnancies in Central Java Province in 2021 reached 21.89%.The city of Surakarta was obtained presentation Unwanted Pregnancy in Teenagers In 2021 it will reach 6.9% and in the District Sukoharjo obtained yield 9.9% (Dana, 2023).
Incident Unwanted Pregnancy in teenagers become attention special for government scope international nor national.On scope internationally, WHO has promote the Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health program For made guide every country in implement prevention programs Unwanted Pregnancy with objective strengthen and improve system service so that number incident Adolescent Unwanted Pregnancy.can minimized (Kep et al., 2021).Preventive measures implemented will potential reduce number incident Unwanted Pregnancy in teenagers, will but if no applied with maximum by the giver service and also awareness teenager as well as there are also other factors such as teenagers who experience it abuse sexual naturally will still give birth to number Unintended pregnancies among teenagers are increasing increase matter This will give rise to various detrimental impact for self teenager (Aisyaroh et al., 2023).
Unwanted Pregnancy in teenagers will have good negative impact from facet physical, psychological, social and spiritual.Impact from facet physique will endanger Mother nor the fetus she is carrying or Mother will try do an abortion that leads to death (Schonewille et al., 2022).Impact side psychology, mother will try run self from not quite enough answer or still continue her pregnancy with compulsion.Unwanted pregnancy that ends with abortion No safe it turns out is one of contributor to the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) both in the world and in Indonesia (Panda et al., 2023).Unwanted Pregnancy in teenagers influenced by several factors, namely, low knowledge health reproduction, attitude permissive in socializing, it's easy access to pornographic media push teenager for try and imitate, influence Friend near in associations, and patterns foster parents permissive-indifferent who tends to be let teenager in association so that teenager easy affected in association free (Yah et al., 2020).
Unwanted Pregnancy in teenagers is phenomenon social from year to year to be get attention Serious from various party.Must make efforts done for prevent happen pregnancy No desired by teenagers that is with increase knowledge about prevention Unwanted Pregnancy with give counseling, socialization, providing quality and easy information media accessible to teenagers, as well give education about prevention Unintended Pregnancy.It is knowledge and attitudes that underlie the formation process behavior.Knowledge or cognitive is a very important domain for formation behavior or action somebody (over behavior).If change behavior based with knowledge and positive attitude so will cause good behavior too (long lasting) (Chakole et al., 2022).Based on phenomenon the problems that have been described, the author interested For make Work Final Scientific Midwifery entitled Analysis Determinant Unwanted Pregnancy in Adolescents: Literature Review with approach Evidence Based Case Report (EBCR).

METHOD 2.1 Frameworks
The framework has been prepared is as following: Search article done with using keywords that have been designed on the framework that is "unwanted pregnancy", "unintended pregnancies in teenagers", and "analysis of unwanted pregnancy".Search done machined article database search scientific that is Sciencedirect , PUBMED, BMC, and Google Scholar.
Search result beginning obtained international journals from the Sciencedirect database found 251 articles, PUBMED found 195 articles , BMC found 3091 articles , and Google Scholar found 16,900 articles .Amount whole articles obtained from the Sciencedirect, PUBMED, BMC, and Google Scholar databases a total of 20,437 articles.Furthermore done article screening For determine appropriate article with criteria that have been determined.

DISCUSSION (12 PT)
Unwanted pregnancy in adolescents has produce various worry.The stigma attached to unwanted pregnancy women has give birth to practice exclusion to teenager women who experience untimely pregnancy.Practice This happen in various institutions: family, school, and society.Birth Not even a unwanted pregnancy phenomenon regardless from role family, community and school as participating institutions shape it (Yong et al., 2023).
Many factors can push phenomenon the keep going increase like in the modern era now with supported by increasing technology advanced everyone can with it's easy access various information from various parts of the world.moreover in adolescence is a time when somebody have a desire know what's high about various matter.With condition that 's adolescence can categorized as sufficient time vulnerable because of curiosity the if no controlled with Good can encourage bad things (Murewanhema et al., 2023).One of them is desire For try things new ones are prohibited based on norms or the value it has, however they curious for find out and try it.Like case regarding "sex" that can be give new knowledge for teenager.Besides that possible factors influence teenager pregnancy out of wedlock is exists pressure from boyfriend or partner For do connection sex (Brindis et al., 2023).
Based on results study of the 13 articles used There were 10 articles discussing causal factors happen non -pregnancy desired by teenagers that is exists internal factors and factors external.According to (Murewanhema et al., 2023) internal factors or more commonly within a teenager himself.A teenager will face tasks development connection with change physical and role social.Desire For understandable more from other people can become reason teenager do action deviation, excessive attitude crochet self Alone or always elevate self Alone.(Ermiati et al., 2022).Internal factors that become reason sex premarriage in teenagers including aspects health reproduction, knowledge, attitudes to sexuality, aspect style life, control self, perceived vulnerability to risk health reproduction, activity in social, aspect age, as well religious aspects (Brindis et al., 2023).
External factors are factors from outside a teenager.According to the biggest external factors that have an impact on the occurrence of deviant behavior in a teenager, namely the environment and friends (peers).A frequent friends gather together in One gang, automatically he will infected by attitudes and traits his friend the.Parental love and attention No fully poured out, made a child No feel at home are inside House those, they more often For is outside together his friends (Brindis et al., 2023).External factors become reason behavior sex pre-marriage in teenagers among other things, contact with information media, family, values, socio-culture, and supporting norms social in behavior certain (Amien & Khoiriyah, n.d.).Apart from internal and external factors There are also factors other influences teenager experience pregnancy out of wedlock.One of them is Because lack of knowledge regarding reproductive health that can be done cause happen pregnancy out of wedlock or nonpregnancy desired because lack of education (Ponsford et al., 2022).Then factor other is attitude permissive in association teenager scattered so that pushed him risk happen pregnancy out of wedlock or non -pregnancy desired (Shankar et al., 2023).Then it spread access pornography on social media cause its height desire teenager for try and follow matter the.Increasing technology advanced moment this makes it very easy everyone for look for information (Mbizvo et al., 2023).Plus, adolescence is a time when people want to find out and imitate.So various undesirable things arise when combined with weak parental control.The influence of close friends or peers in relationships is one of the factors that can cause casual sex.Then applying permissive-indifferent parenting patterns carried out by parents can indirectly allow teenagers to socialize so that teenagers are easily influenced in promiscuity (Ayu Dewi Permata Sari & Indriani, n.d.).
Based on results study of the 13 articles used There were 11 articles discussing it impact non -pregnancy desired by teenagers that is impact physical, impact economics, and impact environment.Adolescents with unwanted pregnancies will definitely experience physical impacts on themselves and the fetus they are carrying.Teenager Not yet own ready condition for undergo pregnancy the.According to (Kebede et al., 2021)age teenager, teenager enter into the age at risk.Need available service health pregnancy special for handle teenager with pregnancy no desired so that health adolescents and fetuses can be optimal.Other impacts are abortion and infection.Abortion is one of them frequent alternatives taken teenagers and their families For end her pregnancy.Termination attempt pregnancy This done illegally with drink purchased medication in a way free and access service health after There is complications.Necessity There is effort prevention abotrus Because can give rise to impact infection If done illegally.
Impact economy will felt teenager Because pregnancy No desired This happened at the time teenager still sitting on the bench school.Teenager Not yet own education basics that can be optimizing himself in the search process work.Teenager Still depends to both parents his in fulfillment need its economy.Teenager the sued Work with his abilities and education just.This matter will impact period long on the economy teenager Because no own decent education.Environment social teenager will give impact in a way social to teenagers who experience it pregnancy No desired.Educational process teenager will stopped moment pregnancy No desired happen.Teenager No can develop himself with own continuing education although baby his has born.Additionally, effects from pregnancy no desired teenager choose go from environment and move to environment his partner for avoid effect social conditions provided by the environment (Panda et al., 2023).
Based on results study of the 13 articles used obtained all article discussing effort prevention pregnancy No desired by teenagers that is choose good company, strengthening faith with busy self for worship, limit friendship especially towards opponents type, no watching pornographic films or sites, be consistent with the principles self alone, looking information health reproduction and danger pregnancy No desired by teenagers, and keep busy self with activity positive.Prevention efforts pregnancy no desired according to UNFPA, there are 4 basics that is empowerment teenager women, repair gender inequality, respect right basic humans, and reduce number poverty.For strive prevention the needed policy that is intervention prevention in adolescents aged 10-14 years, prevent happen violence sexual, caring health woman, protect right women, try education for women, involving man become part from solution, there is education sexual relations in children and adolescents, as well equitable development (United Nations Population Fund (United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), 2023).The community has too role important in effort prevention pregnancy no desired by teenagers.The community in question is consists from role of parents, friends peers, and figures in society.In conclusion, there is a number of thing that can be attempted as business For prevent pregnancy no desired that is choose good company, strengthening faith with busy self for worship, limit friendship especially towards opponents type, no watching pornographic films or sites, be consistent with the principles self alone, looking information health reproduction and danger pregnancy no desirable in teenagers, and keep busy self with activity positive (Chakole et al., 2022).

CONCLUSION
Based on results study of the 13 articles used in studies literature This obtained conclusion as following: Causative factor happen non-pregnancy desired by teenagers that is exists internal factors and factors external.Impact non-pregnancy desired by teenagers that is impact physical, impact economics, and impact environment.Prevention pregnancy No desired by teenagers that is choose good company, strengthening faith with busy self For worship, limit friendship especially towards opponents type, no watching pornographic films or sites, be consistent with the principles self alone, looking information health reproduction and danger pregnancy no desired by teenagers, and keep busy self with activity positive.