PRECONCEPTION CARE SEBAGAI STRATEGI MENURUNKAN ANGKA KEMATIAN IBU DI INDONESIA

Abstract

Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) di Indonesia pada tahun 2015 belum sesuai target WHO melalui MDG’s. Masih tingginya angka kematian ibu masih didominasi penyebab langsung yaitu perdarahan sebesar 32%. Preconception care memberikan dampak yang positif terhadap penurunan AKI. Preconception care dimulai dari masa remaja sampai menjelang terjadinya konsepsi. Selama ini program prakonsepsi belum diperhatikan kebutuhannya secara maksimal. Tujuan studi literatur ini bertujuan untuk menyajikan hasil penelitian mengenai bagaimana preconception care itu secara langsung maupun tidak langsung berdampak pada penurunan AKI. Metode yang digunakan adalah telaah hasil penelitian tentang preconception care yang dipublikasikan dari tahun 2010 sampai 2015 pada sumber elektronik antara lain Pubmed, Ebsco, Proquest , Sage Journal, Science Direct ditemukan 503 dan ada 5 jurnal yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Kata kunci “women of child bearing age, preconception care, maternal and child health†digunakan untuk mempermudah pencarian literatur. Kriteria inklusi meliputi artikel berbahasa Inggris, tipe penelitian systematic review, Randomized Control Trial (RCT). Hasil telaah diketahui bahwa pre conception care mempunyai dampak yang positif terhadap kesehatan wanita mulai dari masa remaja sampai dengan masa mempersiapkan kehamilan dan masa diantara kehamilan. Preconception care yang dilaksanakan dengan baik berdampak kepada rendahnya angka kematian ibu. Kesimpulan dan saran preconception care bagian dari continuum care yaitu preconception care, antenatal care, intranatal dan post natal care. Masa prekonsepsi berdampak terhadap fase/ masa selanjutnya. Masa prekonsepsi yang baik akan berdampak kepada masa persiapan kehamilan, masa kehamilan dan masa setelah melahirkan dan masa diantara melahirkan. Oleh karena itu optimalisasi preconception care sangat penting dalam pelayanan keperawatan.

The reduction of maternal mortality rate in Indonesia in 2015 was still below the target of WHO through MDG’s. The high mortality rate was dominated by the direct cause, namely: bleeding as much as 32%. Preconception care has a positive impact on the reduction of maternal mortality rate. Preconception care starts since adolescence until before conception. All this time, the needs of preconception program has not been considered maximally. The objective of this literature study is to display the results of researches on how preconception care has direct and indirect impacts on the maternal mortality rate. This literature study employed the study of the results of researches on preconception which had been published 2010 until 2015 in the electronic media. The keywords of “preconception care, maternal mortality rate (MMR)†were used to search the intended literatures. The inclusive criteria of the study were the searched articles in Indonesian and in English; the researches employed systematic review, Randomized Control Trial (RCT), and qualitative phenomenological approach. Preconception care had positive impacts on female health since adolescence until preconception and conception. The preconception care which was conducted well had an impact on the reduction of maternal mortality rate. The searching by using the keywords found 503 articles, 5 articles fulfilled the criteria for further study. In conclusion, preconception care is a continuum care which includes preconception care, antenatal care, intra-natal, and postnatal care. The preconception has an impact on the following phases. The good preconception will have an impact on the pre-conception, antenatal period, intra-natal period, and postnatal period. Thus, optimization of preconception care is very important in the nursing services.